OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control mechanisms enforce policies to ensure users cannot operate beyond their intended permissions. Failures in this area typically result in unauthorized disclosure, modification, or destruction of data, or the execution of business functions outside of user limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - This occurs when systems, applications, or cloud services are improperly configured from a security standpoint, thereby creating exploitable vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These failures represent compromises or breakdowns in the software build, distribution, or update processes. They often stem from vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or dependencies relied upon by the system.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Ideally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). While previous challenges like CPU performance and key management have been mitigated by hardware acceleration (e.g., AES support) and simplified certificate management via services like LetsEncrypt.org and major cloud vendors, it remains critical to identify data requiring encryption at rest and additional protection in transit at the application layer (OSI layer 7). Sensitive data such as passwords, credit card numbers, health records, and business secrets demand robust protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws like the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or standards like PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - Injection vulnerabilities are system flaws that permit attackers to inject malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell scripts) into input fields, causing the system to execute them as if they were legitimate parts of the application. This can have severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - This broad category encompasses weaknesses characterized by "missing or ineffective control design." While not the root cause of all Top Ten risks, insecure design is distinct from insecure implementation. Design flaws and implementation defects differ in their root causes, timing during development, and remediation strategies. A secure design may still suffer from implementation defects, whereas an insecure design cannot be resolved by perfect implementation if necessary security controls were never established. A key contributor to insecure design is the absence of business risk profiling, leading to a failure in determining the required level of security architecture.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker can deceive the system into recognizing an invalid or unauthorized user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures occur when code or infrastructure fails to protect against invalid or untrusted data being treated as valid. Examples include relying on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources or CDNs. An insecure CI/CD pipeline lacking integrity checks can lead to unauthorized access or the introduction of malicious code. Another example is pipelines that pull artifacts from untrusted locations without verifying their signatures or authenticity before use.

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without adequate logging and monitoring, detecting attacks and breaches becomes impossible, and without effective alerting, rapid response during security incidents is significantly hindered. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting mechanisms impair the ability to initiate active responses.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - This occurs when software fails to prevent, detect, or respond to unusual or unpredictable situations, potentially leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, or vulnerabilities. This may involve the application not preventing the anomaly, failing to identify it in real-time, or responding inadequately (or not at all) after the event.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and escaping inputs

Insecure Design
- We'll explore design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, like improper input validation
- We'll study strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, like multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early